Partisan hospital in the National Liberation War 1941 - 1945

-



The Partisan ambulance service began to develop in parallel with the formation of rebel units and partisan detachments. It was created based on preparations made between April and early July 1941, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The health service is established in partisan detachments, depending on the task of the unit, material capabilities, and primarily on personnel.

With the development of the medical service, but also with the liberation of the territory, the first partisan hospitals were created. The smaller territorial hospitals that operated separately from one another connected with the formation of partisan military hospitals at the end of 1942. The first surgical team was formed in September 1942, and a pharmaceutical service began to be created early. In the liberated areas, special civilian health services were organized, which were closely linked to the unit medical service and territorial hospitals. In 1943, the ZAVNOH (The State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia) Health Department issued "Instructions for Work on the Establishment of a Health Service in the Liberated Territory of Croatia" and "A Manual for the Operation of Rural Health Sections".

Doctor Rewinds Wounded Captain of the US Army James Goodwin, Slovenia, 1944. Excerpt from the book: John Phillips, The Yugoslav Story, Belgrade, 1983, p. 101.


The Maintenance of the Second Congress of Partisan Doctors in Glina, Topusko, and Slunj from 24 to 27 February 1944, with the participation of a large number of physicians from the territory of Lika, Kordun, Banija, and Slavonia, speaks of the good organization of the medical service and it's mass.
After the capitulation of Italy, about 100 doctors, pharmacists, and medical students came to the partisans. They are staffed by brigade and divisional hospitals and surgical teams. From hospitals on the islands of Hvar and Vis in 1944, a large number of wounded and sick were transported by ship to Allied hospitals in Italy.

The Slavonia ambulance service with territorial hospitals, located in the forests with a system of secret underground shelters for the wounded and sick with each hospital was extremely well organized. Secret underground shelters for the wounded and sick, medical supplies.

Part of the equipment of the partisan hospitals on display at the Military Museum in Belgrade


Partisan hospitals were health institutions formed during the armed struggle to treat the wounded and the sick. They enabled thousands of wounded and sick to be brought back to fight.

During the war, there were mainly two basic types of hospitals:
immobile, tied to a specific territory,
mobile hospitals of individual units.

Near Delnice, summer 1944. Caring for the wounded after the bombing


Immovable hospitals that were located on the free territory were in most cases the public ie. they knew about and served the population from closer and beyond. Such hospitals are initially uprising and even later in Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro, and Croatia. Secret hospitals were built primarily in areas where, due to the greater number of enemy strongholds, they could not apply other methods of care for the injured and ill. Very few people knew about them, in fact only as much as was necessary for the operation of the hospital, and the wounded and the sick were received with special precautions (at night, through public hearings when taken by hospital staff, during the day, blindfolded, etc.) During construction, care was taken to adapt them as closely as possible to the environment, so that they were not observed even from a distance of several steps, usually in forests or other suitable places.

Franja Partisan Hospital in Slovenia.


The most famous hospitals in Slovenia include, first of all, the Slovenian Central Military Partisan Hospital Kočevski horn with about ten wards Jelen Breg, Jelen Žleb, Pugled, Spodnje Lšće, Zgornje Lasce, Stari Log, Vinice, Jelen Dol and Lesen Kamen, in the range of 10-15 - {km} - with a total capacity of about 300 beds. The hospitals on Pohorje were similar, but these were partly buried in the ground. Although the security of secret hospitals rested largely on secrecy, some were thought of in advance, but when choosing a hospital location and the possibility of defense. Such was the Franciscan Hospital, one of the 9th Corps hospitals near Cerkno, built in an inaccessible gorge. It had an entire defense system (external and internal lines with minefields, machine guns, and finally the defense of the wounded and sick themselves.)

Mobile hospitals are mainly organized in units because of the constant movements and the need to care for the wounded and sick as soon as possible.

Medical student clears face a wounded partisan, Slovenia, 1944


The largest and most important mobile hospital during the National Liberation War is the Central Hospital of the NLA Supreme Headquarters, formed during the Fourth and Fifth Offensive, with about 3,500-4,000 wounded and sick. Because of this, a famous battle for the wounded was fought near the Prozor in February 1943.

The air evacuation of wounded partisans from Bela Krajina to Italy from the airport Otok in Slovenia


In addition to the listed hospitals in the country, several partisan wounded, some 12,500 were also treated at Allied hospitals in Italy and Malta.

According to the data collected, 3,081 physicians (including 319 physicians) were employed in the NOP in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. 213 were killed, most of whom were killed outside the fight. The Order of the People's Hero honored 9 of them (7 dead and 2 surviving the war).

Sources: izlozba.sabh.hr
sr.wikipedia.org
sh.wikipedia.org

Comments

  1. Community Health and Wellness CenterMarch 4, 2021 at 4:26 AM

    It is a proficient article that you have shared here about hospital. I got some unique and valuable information from your article. Thankful to you for sharing this article here. Hospital in Montpelier

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

POPULAR POSTS

14 things that every Yugoslav partisan wore at the beginning of World War II

-
Image
    1.  Partizan armed with a German submachine gun MP41 9mm, popularly known as "Schmeisser", today a rare example of the wooden butt. For a belt carrying a gun "Parabellum" P08 9mm and a hand grenade. Dressed in a civilian coat, the military jacket of unknown origin, the German military pants and cavalry boots. On the stroke has a partisan cap ("Tito hat") with a sewn red star. 2.       Three-pointed cap popularly called "Triglav cap" to the highest peak in Slovenia. Such as a cap made anti-fascist fighters of the Spanish Civil War and the first Junos Croatian partisans. Since 1944, it replaced the cap "Titov ka" a smooth edge. 3.       In September 1941, the partisan Supreme Headquarters ordered that the caps will wear red five-pointed star as a symbol of anti-fascist struggle. 3a. Since April 1942, stipulates that all elite Proletarian Brigade wear the star with a yellow hammer and sickle, the symbol of the int
Read more

JNA, the army that no longer exists: What is all possessed one of the most powerful European armies Part I

-
Image
Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), to its  decomposition , was one of the key pillars of the former Yugoslavia and was based on the doctrine of brotherhood and unity of all Yugoslav nations and nationalities and ideologically dependent on the League of Communists. Along with Tito and the Communist Party, considered to be one of the three pillars of Yugoslavia. Yugoslav People's Army, at its peak, was the fourth military power in Europe, behind the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France. For JNA specifically, because of its non-alignment and strategic importance, in its possession had weapons of American and Soviet production. The establishment and development Its roots JNA pulling out of the National Liberation Struggle and Yugoslav partisan (POJ). Soon form a volunteer army of Yugoslavia, which soon became the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia (NLA), and on 1 March 1945, the NLA has renamed the Yugoslav Army. To celebrate the tenth anniversary of
Read more

World War II Weapons: The Italian Carcano rifle

-
Image
Carcano Modello 1891 infantry rifle Carcano is the frequently used name for a series of Italian bolt-action, magazine-fed, repeating military rifles and carbines. Introduced in 1891, this rifle was chambered for the rimless 6.5×52mm Carcano cartridge (Cartuccia Modello 1895). It was developed by the chief technician Salvatore Carcano at the Turin Army Arsenal in 1890 and called the Modello (model) 91 or simply M91. Successively replacing the previous Vetterli-Vitali rifles and carbines in 10.35×47mmR, it was produced from 1892 to 1945. The M91 was used in both rifle (fucile) and carbine (Moschetto) form by most Italian troops during the First World War and by Italian and some German forces during the Second World War. The rifle was also used during the Winter War by Finland, and again by regular and irregular forces in Syria, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria during various postwar conflicts in those countries. Carcano Model 1891 TS Carbine The Type I Carcano rifle was
Read more

The Underground Airbase Slatina

-
Image
Yugoslavia had about forty objects of strategic importance, including several underground airports which were the largest military secret. Nearly $90 billion have been spent for the construction of these objects. Željava was the most expensive and the largest underground airport in the former Yugoslavia. Around $4.5 billion were spent for the construction of this air base. According to experts, the only airbase that could rival Željava, although much smaller, was the air base Slatina near Pristina. These two air bases represented the first level of defense. The second level of defense were also airports with underground galleries and the conditions for protection against a nuclear attack. Such were underground galleries in Podgorica, Mostar, and Split. The third level of defense was reinforced concrete shelters for aircraft and people. All airports had them. Each plane had its own reinforced concrete shelter. The Yugoslav underground project represents the labyri
Read more